Mental Health YXE

Concerned for a Loved One's Well-Being?

Recognizing that a loved one may be experiencing a mental illness can be unsettling. It's completely normal and understandable to feel worried or any other emotion you might be feeling. The positive aspect is that you've observed something amiss, which is often the crucial first step. I want you to know that there are resources and strategies available to help.

You may have noticed changes such as shifts in mood, appearance, or unusual behaviors. It might also be apparent that this person is facing challenges in their relationships, school, work, or other significant areas of their life. This guideline is for adults showing signs of mental illness, but many resources listed are also available for children and youth or can guide you to them. Underlined words will take you to the associated website. If you believe this has escalated into a crisis—where someone could pose a danger to themselves or others—it might be beneficial to start by visiting this page, and when in doubt contact 911 or Mobile Crisis.

This guide covers a lot, with each section clearly titled. You can scroll to find the information you need or bookmark this page for later. Please remember that everything presented on my website and in my writings is not a replacement for professional medical advice. It serves merely as a guide to the resources and information I am familiar with, and note that there are other resources and options beyond what I’ve mentioned. Always seek professional assistance when necessary. 911, 811, and 211 are always available. While this guide outlines the process and resources specific to Saskatoon, a large amount of the information is applicable to many locations.

This guide can also be useful for individuals who think they may be experiencing a mental illness and are looking for direction, in this case, you may wish to skip the first few sections and start at Seek Medical Assistance.

My Loved One Doesn’t Seem to Notice There is A Problem - Why?

There are several reasons why an individual may be unaware of or unwilling to accept their situation.

• Stigma & Fear: Many people hold negative perceptions of mental illnesses and may therefore hesitate to identify with having one. Concerns about how others might react or fears regarding potential implications for their lives can be daunting. Additionally, individuals might be apprehensive about trying medication, the possibility of being placed in care, or other negative outcomes they fear may occur. Past negative experiences with the mental health system can also lead to a belief that future interactions will be similar. It's crucial to offer individuals the space to express their fears and concerns.

• Not Ready: Sometimes in our lives when we face multiple challenges, we might feel we don't have the capacity to address everything at once. Some individuals may believe that their situation will resolve itself if they simply wait it out. This could be influencing their current stance.

• Anosognosia: This is a symptom which can occur with some mental illnesses, it prevents individuals from recognizing that they are ill. This is not a form of denial; rather, it is a genuine symptom of their condition.

• Delusions/Psychosis: If a person is experiencing delusions or psychosis, they may have thoughts or hear voices that affect their willingness or ability to seek help.

Asking questions and truly listening to the responses is important. Rushing to propose solutions can lead individuals to feel unheard or reluctant to continue the conversation. Remember, a person's reasoning may not always align with your understanding, but it's vital to give them the space to express themselves. By actively listening, you can gain insights into their fears or concerns, which allows you to seek information that could assist them in addressing those worries.

 “I’m Not Sick and I Don’t Need Help”

As long as a person is an adult and poses no threat to themselves or others, they maintain control over their own life and the decision to seek support. Witnessing someone you care about struggle can be challenging, but no matter the path they choose, there are actions you can take and ways to communicate that may help improve the situation.

Dr. Amador is a distinguished clinical psychologist and an authority in this area. He has authored an insightful book and developed an effective method for engaging with individuals who may not recognize their own illness. This approach, known as LEAP—Listen, Empathize, Agree, Partner—can be explored further in his book, on his website, and through various videos.

Book: "I’m Not Sick and I Don’t Need Help" is available for purchase at your usual bookstores, including Amazon, and can also be borrowed from libraries. You can read the first half of the book for free through this link.

Website: The Leap Institute offers a wealth of resources and information.

Video: Dr. Amador also presents an engaging TEDx talk that is accessible on YouTube.

I highly encourage you to explore this method, as it can be truly beneficial!

Seek Medical Assistance – Confirm Whether It's a Mental Illness

It's important to recognize that some symptoms people experience might stem from a physical condition, making it wise to consult a doctor. Certain illnesses that can mimic mental health issues include hypo or hyperthyroidism, vitamin deficiencies, infections, anemia, and more. While these conditions may not be the sole cause of symptoms, they could be, or they could make mental health concerns worse.

Furthermore, getting these things checked out may help frame it in a different light for an individual who is unwilling or unable to seek medical care related to mental illness.  This may be a way to get your foot in the door medically speaking.

If you don't have a family doctor, consider visiting a walk-in clinic, where they can arrange for the necessary tests.

Medication

If your loved one is open to trying medication, here are some key things to keep in mind. This is just a brief overview, always consult a doctor or pharmacist for full details.

Who prescribes medication? General doctors and psychiatrists can prescribe medication. This can happen at a doctor’s office, walk-in clinic, psychiatry clinic, or hospital. Psychiatric Nurses and Nurse Practitioners can also be involved and provide support.

Medication takes time to work. The medical team can help you know when to expect changes. Some medications may work fully in weeks or months, while others may take longer. The time it takes can also depend on how sick someone is, whether they take the medication regularly, or if they use other substances.

Finding the right medication may take trial and error. It’s not always possible to predict which medication will work best. Different medications and dosages may need to be tried before finding the right fit.

Interactions are when different medications or substances affect each other. It’s crucial for your loved one to tell their healthcare team about all medications, drugs, and alcohol they use. Mixing the wrong substances can make prescribed medications less effective, increase side effects, worsen mental health issues, or even be dangerous. Pharmacists are experts in this area and can help with any questions or concerns about interactions.

Side effects are common. The medical team can explain potential side effects, how long they may last, and what to do if they become unmanageable. Adjustments to the dose or medication may be needed. Some side effects go away after a short period of days or weeks, others are long-lasting.

Stick with it. It’s important to take medication as prescribed and not stop suddenly without medical advice. Some medications can be dangerous to quit abruptly.

Will they be on medication forever? This depends on the individual. Some conditions, like Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder, often require lifelong medication. For others, such as Depression or Anxiety, medication may be temporary or ongoing, depending on their needs.

If your loved one stops or refuses medication. Using the LEAP method (Listen, Empathize, Agree, Partner), try to understand their reasons. If they are struggling with side effects or dislike a particular medication, encourage them to speak with their medical team. It’s also important to check whether stopping their medication suddenly could be harmful.

How to Get a Psychiatrist - Accessing the Hospital

Finding a psychiatrist can be confusing, and the process can sometimes take time. Here’s what to expect:

When will a doctor refer to a psychiatrist? If a general doctor feels they can manage a patient’s mental health, they will often do so. A referral to a psychiatrist typically depends on factors like the number of medications tried, the complexity of the illness, and whether improvement has been seen over time.

How referrals work in Saskatchewan: If a doctor decides a referral is needed, they will submit it. Saskatchewan uses a pooled referral list, meaning individuals are placed on a list and seen by the first available psychiatrist. While you cannot self-refer, you can request a referral to a specific psychiatrist if you have one in mind.

How to find a psychiatrist: The best way to find psychiatrists accepting new patients is for the individual to ask their doctor, friends, or family for recommendations. You can search online for psychiatry clinics, and then call them to ask about specialties and availability. If a match seems possible, request a referral from your doctor.

What if I they don’t have a doctor? Walk-in clinic doctors can also provide referrals to psychiatrists.

The waiting period: After a referral, there is often a wait before the first appointment. It’s helpful to ask the doctor what to do during this time, who to contact if symptoms worsen, and share any other concerns.

Seeing a psychiatrist through the ER: Going to the emergency room is another way to access a psychiatrist. In Saskatoon, Royal University Hospital (RUH) is the best option, as they have on-call psychiatry. The ER process typically involves triage, speaking with a nurse, then a general doctor, and finally a psychiatrist if needed. The psychiatrist may recommend a hospital stay or provide prescriptions, resources, or other support for treatment in the community.

Expect long wait times at the ER. Bring things to keep you comfortable, like headphones, a phone charger or battery pack, a change of clothes, a book or puzzle, a blanket, a water bottle, and snacks. If possible, also bring the person's Health Card, ID, medications, contact list, and other important documents. It may help to have a few people available to stay with your loved one during the wait, allowing others to take care of work or family needs.

Hospital stays are not the norm and are usually reserved for those at risk of harming themselves or others, experiencing severe mental health issues, needing medication changes under supervision, or considered otherwise vulnerable. At RUH, there is a "Short Stay - Unit" that accommodates patients for about 7-10 days, and The Dube Centre for Mental Health for longer stays. Patients who accept help are admitted voluntarily, while those who refuse and pose a danger may be held involuntarily, typically for a brief period of days or weeks. You can learn more about this here.

Respecting Privacy and Providing Support. As an adult, your loved one has the right to privacy regarding their healthcare. While it’s natural to want more information, doctors and psychiatrists must follow their wishes on what can be shared. That said, families can still provide collateral information sharing observations about symptoms, concerns, or changes in behavior with the medical team. This can be valuable in helping guide care, even if the team cannot discuss details in return. Maintaining open communication with your loved one and offering support in ways they are comfortable with can also make a big difference and in time they may feel more open to sharing more information with you.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis: A regular doctor, psychiatrist, and most psychologists can diagnose mental illnesses. This diagnosis helps navigate the medical system, informing the types of medications, therapies, and programs available. Some individuals find relief in knowing their diagnosis, as it can clarify their symptoms and foster connections with others experiencing similar issues. Others may resist the label, preferring a term that resonates better with them, or none at all. How one feels about a diagnosis is valid; there is no right or wrong response. The critical aspect is to seek support for the symptoms being faced.

Diagnoses can change, which may be confusing for families. If your loved one's diagnosis has shifted, it is good to know that this is a normal occurrence. Changes can result from incomplete disclosure from the patient, the doctor's evolving understanding, new information, or differing medical opinions. Building trust with a doctor can take time, and understanding a patient fully may also require time. An example is that people rarely go to the doctor when they are experiencing mania (heightened mood), and so a diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder is often delayed. A change in diagnosis does not automatically indicate that the person is "more ill"; rather, it suggests that a clearer picture is being developed. Knowing the correct diagnosis is beneficial, as specific illnesses may respond better to particular medications or therapies.

Multiple diagnoses can include both mental and physical health issues. These may change as doctors learn more about the patient or receive new test results. For instance, it is common for depression and anxiety to happen together, or for someone to have a mental illness along with substance dependence. Changes in life experiences or trauma can also trigger new issues. Additionally, mental illnesses can negatively affect physical health if left untreated, illnesses can occur naturally like they do in anyone, or develop first and then lead to mental health problems.

Therapy

Therapy provides a space for individuals to discuss their thoughts and feelings while gaining new coping skills and resources. For those hesitant about medication or medical professionals, therapy can serve as an effective support system and may encourage further exploration of treatment options. It is helpful to know that Psychiatrists primarily focus on medication and may offer brief therapy, but most therapy takes place with other providers.

Centralized Intake is a contact line for accessing therapy, support groups, and additional resources, all covered under Medicare. To request an intake appointment, call 306-655-7777 or visit this website.

Low-Cost Organizations such as Family Services Saskatoon and Navera Community Connections offer low-cost therapy and support groups. These services are typically self-referral based.

Out-of-Pocket options involve paying for therapy through personal funds or health insurance. To find a private therapist, individuals can search online and review bios to identify suitable matches. In Saskatchewan, therapists typically include social workers and psychologists; a helpful resource for this search is the Psychology Today website.

Online therapy has become increasingly popular and may be more accessible, both financially and physically depending on circumstance. This may include websites such as BetterHelp, TalkSpace, Maple, the list could go on indefinitely. There are also online self-directed therapy courses, webinars, and groups. OnlineTherapyUSER is one specific to Saskatchewan that is also free. Rapid Access Counseling is also another free avenue, available for pressing needs.

Treaty status individuals in Saskatchewan may have access to therapy services through the Non-Insured Health Benefits (NIHB) program. You may also be eligible for services through the Indian Residential Schools Resolution Health Support Program. For more information contact: Resolution Health Support at 306- 924-8424

Many other organizations and groups provide therapy, support groups, learning opportunities and information. I recommend checking my resource list, 211, or Google.

Support Groups

Support groups can be a beneficial option for your loved one. They provide a platform for sharing experiences, offer new resources, connections, and support. If your loved one is not ready for medication or therapy, hearing peer stories may encourage them to seek help. Online support groups are also available for those who prefer that format.

Various organizations, such as CMHA, the Schizophrenia Society, Crocus COOP, and the McKerracher Centre, offer these resources. Checking over my resource list or 211 will give you some ideas!

Support groups and classes are also available for families. Taking care of yourself is important too! Many of the above listed organizations offer these resources or can guide you to them.

Financial Support

If your loved one is unable to work, underemployed, lost their job or otherwise experiencing financial hardship they may have access to financial support through various programs:

Employment Insurance (EI) Sickness Benefits: If they have worked recently, they may qualify for EI sickness benefits, which provide temporary financial support. You often need a doctor’s note to apply for this. Regular EI may also be an option if they are unable to qualify for the sickness benefits. It’s important to know that these programs typically provide a benefit of 55% (or less) of the individuals typical income over a limited time frame.

Workplace Disability Benefits: Some employers offer short- or long-term disability benefits through insurance plans. Your loved one can check with their employer or benefits provider. These programs usually require a person to use Employment Insurance first and then start when those funds are gone.

Saskatchewan Income Assistance (SIS): This program provides financial support for individuals in need. The application process can be completed online. The funds provided are very low.

Saskatchewan Assured Income for Disability (SAID): This is a long-term income support program for people with significant and enduring disabilities. The funds and supports provided through SAID are higher than SIS, but are still quite small.

Saskatchewan Housing Benefit: This is a program that provides a small amount of assistance to qualifying individuals based on their income and housing expenses.

Drug Cost Assistance: This is a program that assists individuals with medication costs in relation to their income. Individuals on SAID or SIS also receive support regarding medication and some other medical expenses. Those on workplace benefits likely have coverage. There are additional programs available for seniors, and federal programs for some specific groups of people.

Treaty Status individuals can also access support for medication and other medical costs as outlined above under Therapy.

Jordan's Principle is a human rights principle established by the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal (CHRT) to make sure that First Nations children do not face gaps, delays, or denials in accessing government services because of their identity as First Nations children. Funds may be given to qualifying individuals with children who are at risk of losing safety or access to basic needs like food. Jordan's Principle Call Centre: 1-855-JP-CHILD (1-855-572-4453) or the Saskatchewan office at 1-833-752-4453.

Families or loved ones with financial means can help their loved ones if they wish. Every situation is different, and there’s no right or wrong way to approach it. It’s up to each person to decide what’s best for them.

Each program has its own eligibility criteria and application process. A social worker or advocacy organization may be able to help navigate these options. If computer access is difficult, libraries can be a great resource.

Housing

Many individuals with mental illness live independently. Housing situations can change due to varying circumstances, whether temporary or long-term. Factors such as reduced income, job loss, health expenses, or difficulties in maintaining their environment may lead to a need for housing assistance. Additionally, support with daily necessities like meal preparation may be required for some people.

Immediate Connections: If you can, you might invite a loved one to live with you, or maybe family or friends will help. This could be a good situation for everyone, but it might also cause issues. It's important to think about what is possible for everyone and consider the potential impacts. Only you know what you can handle financially, emotionally, or in terms of space.

Saskatoon Housing Authority: Provides public housing at affordable rates for families, seniors, and those in wheelchairs.

North Star Supportive Housing: (formerly Saskatoon Housing Coalition) Provides housing and supports to individuals experiencing complex mental health challenges.

Quint Housing Development: Provides Affordable Housing.

CMHA Coming Home: A program that assists with obtaining housing. At time of writing the program indicates it is full.

Independent Living Rental Application: An application can be made in conjunction with a partnering agency, See website for full details.

Community Living Service Delivery: Is a program that assists with approved private service homes, group homes, supported living programs and more. In Saskatoon the contact number is 306-933-6300.

Saskatoon Tribal Council: Assists with a variety of shelter and support programs for First Nations community members.

There are other housing programs through many Saskatoon agencies and a variety of emergency shelters including the Salvation Army, YWCA, The Mustard Seed, and so forth. Many are listed on my resource page or can be found on 211.

Substance Use

If someone you care about seems to have a troubling relationship with drugs or alcohol, they might be dependent on them. A substance use disorder is a mental illness where a person relies on these substances and struggles to stop, even if it causes problems. Some people might not have a diagnosis but can still behave in risky ways with substances. Others may use substances occasionally without serious issues. As stated prior it is a good idea to be open with your medical team incase there are any interactions or precautions you should be aware of.

Likewise to way back at the top of the page, it is useful to understand why people use substances. In some cases people may use them to help with symptoms or side-effects, while not realizing this can have negative consequences regarding their medications, therapy, or other treatments. For some people predisposed, substances such as THC can induce psychosis. Quitting some substances suddenly can be dangerous and lead to uncomfortable symptoms for those with a serious addiction. Getting medical help is important in these situations.

There is a pretty wide variety of supports and treatment options for substance use, many occur in the community with some residential treatment options. 211 can help guide with this and I will mention a few worth looking into.

• The Concurrent Disorders Group

• Prairie Harm Reduction

• Alcoholics or Narcotics Anonymous

• Al-Anon – Al-Ateen (support for families or teenagers)

• Possibilities Recovery Centre

• Adult Mental Health and Addictions Services - 306-655-7777

Will My Loved One Go Back to Normal?

Recovery looks different for everyone and depends on many factors including what “normal” means to you. With treatment and support, many people go on to have fulfilling lives, including employment, stable housing, and relationships. Some may find a new normal, but they can still live meaningful, happy lives.

People adjusting to a new normal might choose to work part-time, start their own business, or engage in meaningful volunteer work. They might live alone, with others from before, or in a supportive setting. They may stay on medication or decide to stop. They may try a variety of therapies, support groups, or resources either briefly or long-term. Recovering from mental illness might also open doors to unexpected and exciting paths, like becoming an artist, therapist, public speaker, or writer. You just never know.

Like any illness, relapses can happen, but over time, people often learn to recognize early signs and develop coping skills. Family support and education play a key role in recovery, helping your loved one build stability and hope for the future.

A Note About This Resource:

Writing and compiling this list was truly a labour of love on my part, and reflects my personal experience and knowledge of the mental health system. It took around 14 hours to complete, including the time spent gathering links. The work I share on my website, Instagram, and other platforms is mostly unpaid labor that I do because I find joy in helping others and recognize how difficult it can be to navigate the various systems.

While I may not have addressed every potential question or included every available resource, I have endeavored to create a very comprehensive information guide spoken in plain language. I encourage you to bookmark this page for future reference. You are welcome to print or save this resource for personal use. If you choose to share a printed version with someone else, please acknowledge the source, www.mentalhealthyxe.com.